What type of analysis is crucial before authorizing an information system?

The type of analysis that is crucial before authorizing an information system is security risk analysis. This critical step involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks to the system's security. The primary goal of security risk analysis is to determine vulnerabilities and the potential impact they may have on the information system and the organization as a whole.

Conducting a comprehensive security risk analysis ensures that appropriate measures are in place to safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access, breaches, and other security threats. It provides a detailed understanding of the potential risks associated with the information system and helps in the decision-making process regarding whether the system can be authorized for operation.

While cost analysis evaluates financial implications, market analysis focuses on industry trends and competition, and performance analysis assesses how well the system operates within expectations, none of these directly address the critical security considerations necessary for authorizing an information system. Hence, security risk analysis stands out as the essential prerequisite.